The Olympics Promise to Bring Countries Together Essay

The Olympic Games are a set of friendly competitions that bring countries from all around the world together, but many social, political, and economic problems in the past and present including racial and sexual discrimination and apartheid have prevented the Olympic Games from fulfilling their promise to bring countries together. The Olympics are a set of games that occur every 4 years in the winter and the summer. These games bring countries from all around the world together for friendly competition. The IOC (International Olympic Committee) is the governing body of the Olympic Games. Their headquarters are located in Lausanne, Switzerland. The Olympics are the most important athletic competition in the world. It brings together the†¦show more content†¦In 1968, two black American male athletes made history at the Mexico Olympics by making a silent protest against racial discrimination during the American National Anthem in the victory ceremony. Tommie Smith and John Carlos, gold and bronze medalists in the 200m run stood with their heads bowed and a black-gloved hand raised as the American National Anthem played. Both men wore black socks and no shoes and Smith wore a black scarf around his neck. They were demonstrating against the continuing racial discrimination of black people in the United States. When they left the stand at the end of the ceremony they were booed by the crowd. At the press conference after the event Tommie Smith said: If I win I am an American, not a black American. But if I did something bad then they would say a Negro. We are black and we are proud of being black†(BBC On this Day 1968: Black athletes make silent protest). Smith raised his right fist to represent black power in America, and Carlos raised his left fist to represent black unity. Together they form an arch of unity and power. The black scarf represented black pride and the black socks with no shoes stood for black poverty in racist America. A person from the IOC said it was a deliberate and violent breach of the fundamental principles of the Olympic spirit(BBC On this Day 1968: Black athletes make silent protest). This was a social and politicalShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Of 1945-19911660 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Soviet Union continue propaganda or resort to an attack? Many democracies across the world like North America, Western Europe, Japan grew in prosperity after World War II ended. The United States became the world’s wealthiest and most powerful country. These democracies rivaled the United States economically. The United States and the Soviet Union had many differences that didn’t cause a full fled war, but a quiet, propaganda and secretive filled war that pushed both to the edge. This was knownRead MoreThe History of the Olympic Games1470 Words   |  6 PagesbIntroduction/bbrToday, the Olympic Games are the worlds largest pageant of athletic skill and competitive spirit. They are also displays of nationalism, commerce and politics. Well-known throughout the world the games have been used to promote understanding and friendship among nations, but have also been a hotbed of political disputes and boycotts. The Olympic games started thousands of years ago and lasted over a millennium.. The symbolic power of the Games lived on after their demise,Read MoreThe Munich Massacre : A Survivor s Story1487 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most detrimental disruption by politics in the Olympics occurred at the 1972 Germany Summer Games. On 5 September 1972, the Palestinian group Black September broke into the Israeli athletes’ quarters armed with guns. The 21 hour standoff, more famously known as the Munich massacre, resulted in 17 deaths. 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City officials need to take in a lot of factors when determining whether or not to put forth the resources to submit a bid. One of the most crucial factors in deciding is determining what type of legacy the Games would potentially leave on a city that hosted. Legacies can be defined as, â€Å" planned and unplanned, positive and negative, intangible and tangible structures created through a sportRead MoreThe Olympic Games Is A Good Or Bad Thing Essay2411 Words   |  10 PagesPosition Paper Whether hosting the Olympic Games is a good or bad thing is very complex. City officials need to take in a lot of factors when determining whether or not to put forth the resources to submit a bid. One of the most crucial factors in deciding is determining what type of legacy the Games would potentially leave on a city that hosted. Legacies can be defined as, â€Å" planned and unplanned, positive and negative, intangible and tangible structures created through a sport event that remainRead MoreThe Olympics Of Rio De Janeiro1536 Words   |  7 PagesEvery four years, an event is held that brings people from all around the world together: the Summer Olympics. The Summer Olympics are supposed to be an enjoyable event where athletes who have trained very hard compete for our entertainment and to earn an Olympic medal. However, the 2016 Olympics could have an entirely different feel to them. The 2016 games will be taking place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. When countries win the rights to host the game, they usually construct all sorts of expensiveRead MoreRhetoric in Jfk and Mlk Jr.s Speeches1119 Words   |  5 Pagesand evident concern to the people of America once again. Issues were being brought up to leaders that could and had the authority to actually help out and do something about these said issues. John F. Kennedy was elected in 1961, and the state our country was in was not as great as it could have been. In fact, it was not good at all. In North America, African Americans were discriminated against in many areas including education, work opportunities, and housing. In South America, African AmericansRead MoreThe Leadership of Russian President Vladimir Putin1520 Words   |  6 Pagesinauguration speech he said, â€Å"We have common aims, we want our Russia to be a free, prosperous, flourishing, strong and civilized country, a country that its citizens are proud of and that is respected internationally.† He added that he would be guided solely by the interests of the state. â€Å"Perhaps it will not be possible to avoid mistakes, but what I can promise and what I do promise is that I will work openly and honestly†, Putin said.http://www.politicalanalysis.info/vladimir-putin.html Current situationRead MoreGreece Economic Crisis1636 Words   |  7 Pagesborrow money and spend it on pay-rises for public workers and projects such as the 2004 Olympics. It began to run-up a bigger and bigger deficit (the gap between how much a country brings-in from tax, and what it spends). Athens olympics Greece enjoyed high public spending during the boom years, including an expensive Olympics. After the world economy went bad, Greece suffererd. Banks started to view it as a country that might not be able to manage its money. They worried Greece might eventually fail

Dance Of Concert Response Paper - 1592 Words

CSULB Dance In Concert Response Paper 21st of May, California State University of Long Beach held the CSULB Dance In Concert at Martha B. Knoebel Dance Theater with the collaboration and choreography by the CSULB dance faculty such as Colleen Dunagan, Rebecca Lemme, Sophie Monat, Andrew Vaca, and featuring guest Laurel Jenkins and Doug Varone. From the show, the dances represented through various genre such as contemporary, contemporary ballet, and modern dance. The element of contemporary defines as a collaborative style that includes modern, jazz, ballet, and hip hop. All these styles of dances were shown by connections after each intermission. In particular, I will concentrate mostly about contemporary dance out of all the dances in the concert and talk about the effects on three out of six performances. The performances reflects mostly on how we describe life and nature and partially define life to every aspect of the emotion were being introduced by the dancers. The premiere of Witnesse, choreograph by Rebecca Lemme bring the audience to a gloomy opening and extraordinary set of stage. From the dimmed light to the dark green costumes wore by dancers, there is a particular set of spotlights that were slowly drawn on top of each dancer as they were laying on the floor. From the moment that the spotlight was hitting on each of performers’ faces, I came into the thought of life. Moreover, spotlights are the representation of the sun and the color of green associated withShow MoreRelatedA Concert That I Went At The Tcf Bank Stadium979 Words   |  4 Pages For my final paper, I decided to focus on a concert that I went to this summer. On June 20th, I went to the Kick Up The Dust concert at the TCF Bank stadium. This was an all day concert and included multiple performers, like Dustin Lynch, Randy Houser, Thomas Rhett, Florida Georgia Line, and headliner Luke Bryan. Because of what I’ve learned in this class, I was able to recognize and analyze a lot of the different elements and characteristics of the music. And because there were so many performersRead MorePresentation Of Lamont Symphony Orchestra Performed Three Beautiful Sets Of Music1359 Words   |  6 PagesKregar 1 Rebecca Kregar Dr. Emily Intro to Music 23, November 2016 Concert Paper Assignment Lamont Symphony Orchestra performed three beautiful sets of music that was conducted by Ryan Kozak with Hisham Bravo Groover, Assistant Conductors and Lawrence Golan being the Music Director and Conductor at Denver University on Thursday, November 17, 2016 in June Swaner Concert Hall at 7:30pm. Kozak conducted all three of the of the pieces; Danse Macabre Op 40 by Camille Saint-Saà «ns (1835 to 1921), IsleRead MoreRestaurant Review: Red Arrow Diner in Milford809 Words   |  3 Pagesit. Post it on the DB so I can check it. Email it to me if you want a quicker response. Your three body paragraphs that follow will each focus on a subpoint. My next paragraph would be about the food. My third paragraph would be about the ambience. My fourth paragraph would be about the service. My fifth and final paragraph would be a 4-5 sentence conclusion teaching the reader what I have learned by writing the paper without repeating myself in any way, shape or form. The Red Arrow Diner in MilfordRead MoreThe And Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1291 Words   |  6 Pagesconvinced I liked Henry. He doesn t really stand out to most, but his personality truly did. He made me feel comfortable when I vented to him at twelve in the morning. Everything felt so right. October 8, 2015, was the first band concert of the year. I always enjoy band concerts. A group including Justin Hansen, who was dating Tori at the time, Brette Bryant, Tori and me all decided to go to Cook-Out really quickly. As we pulled in Tori pointed to Henry’s car and explained how it broke down earlier andRead MoreMusic History : Influences From Different Cultures Gave The Basis Of How Music Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesJessica Seepersad Music 100 Dr. Manns December 9, 2016 Final Paper Throughout music history, influences from different cultures gave the basis of how music is written, played or performed. In the two fieldworks, I conducted at Brooklyn Museum and Brooklyn College convey the idea that music no matter where it is performed can reach others and tell stories. Whether the music is new or old, all music has a beginning. The two genres of music I studied were classical/romantic and Latin-pop/neo-soulRead More Isadora Duncan Essay2921 Words   |  12 Pagesamp;#9;Isadora Duncan was a famous dancer who brought a new kind of dance to the world. She danced out the feelings from deep in her heart. Unlike other dancers in the late nineteenth century, Isadora Duncan danced with flowing motion. She was not a ballerina, and did not like to watch ballet dancers, with their stiff bodies and unnatural pointe shoes. At first she was not liked, but as time went on, Isadora Duncan became a dance revolutionist people all over the world will never forget. amp;#9;AngelaRead Moreconcert report MUSIC APPRECIATION2347 Words   |  10 Pagesto watch a concert entitled â€Å"Autumn Winds† at Colburn School in Downtown Los Angeles. It was part of a monthly concert series â€Å"Rush Hour Concerts at Colburn† hosted by Gibson Dunn. Gibson Dunn is a prominent law firm whose active involvement in the community expands to all various arenas of the society through their leadership and services. Rush Hour Concert is held monthly at Thayer Hall in Colburn School located at 200 South Grand Avenue diagonally across from the Walt Disney Concert Hall. RushRead MoreKeep Music Education in Schools Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesThe difference between the beat and rhythm is that lyrics of a song are sung in rhythm, and the beat is the steady pulse (McCutcheon 1). Jim McCutcheon says â€Å"When my wife was carrying our second son, we attended a nephew’s band concert – and my wife felt a definite response to the bandâ€℠¢s drum section – every time they played, the baby started kicking!† The steady pulse of music, or the rhythm, can be learned at a very early age, and can be one of the first things a child learns (McCutcheon 1). â€Å"I’veRead More The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellingtons Jazz2414 Words   |  10 Pagesdelegated for late night audience only. This sub-culture treatment has led many critics to disregard the Jazz movement as a dance craze, or unsuccessful recreations of Classical pieces. This slandering of Jazz has not only created a false image of the music, but it has also lead to a full disconnection between the two genres. It is for this reason that I propose in my paper to show the relationship between these two musical categories. My hopes in demonstrating these similarities is to disassembleRead MoreThe Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellingtons Jazz2455 Words   |  10 Pagesdelegated for late night audience only. This sub-cultur e treatment has led many critics to disregard the Jazz movement as a dance craze, or unsuccessful recreations of Classical pieces. This slandering of Jazz has not only created a false image of the music, but it has also lead to a full disconnection between the two genres. It is for this reason that I propose in my paper to show the relationship between these two musical categories. My hopes in demonstrating these similarities is to disassemble

School Culture Free Essays

Culture of a School: Interview and Reflection Paper Guidelines Ana Luna EDL505 Prof. Karen Clark 02/25/2013 * * Part One: Interview * To: Johnette Robinson * Owner and Director * Childlife Preschool 1. What is the school profile? (Urban, rural, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on School Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now , grade level of students, number of students, number of students on free or reduced lunch (if applicable), ethnicity, number of students receiving special services and which type of special services, etc. The name of the school need not be revealed. ) * Childlife Preschool is located in an exclusive area of the city of Tampa,Carrollwood. Our school serves 110 children between the ages of 6 weeks to 12 years old. We have a very special racial diversity composed of 42 Hispanic, 9 Blacks, 38 Caucasians and 18 students from other ethnic groups (Indians, Brazilians, and Europeans). We have 51 children participating in the free lunch program provided by the government and 7 children participating in therapy (occupational, speech, psychology) and EELP (Exceptional Education Learning Program). Is state testing mandated? If so, how do students in general perform? If not, what type of testing is used to determine overall student achievement? * Our Program VPK (voluntary pre kindergarten) is tested by a standardized test called VPK assessment. This test is sent by Florida Department of Education and must be administered three times during the school year. The results of this test reveal the academic, social and language skills of our students. In these tests the state requires us punctuation not less than 69, our school earned a punctuation of 81 for the 2011-2012 school year. This year we are working towards our goal of 90 to become a five stars provider. In what ways are students and staff acknowledged in the school? * Members of our staff and students are recognized as an essential part of our school. Teachers are evaluated annually and earn bonuses depending on their performance in the classroom. Students are recognized each month, the staff choose the students of the month are five children who have distinguished for their improvement, behavior and achievement their works are displayed in the hallway for the whole month in the office hallway and are rewarded with a free pizza sponsored by a local business. What types of extracurricular activities are offered for students? Do students of both genders and all ethnicities represented in the school participate? Are some activities more popular depending upon cultural background? * In our school we offer both karate and gymnastics programs that are offered by local businesses specializing in these areas. Students of all races involved in those activities. Which is considered the greater challenge, academic achievement or behavior? Is there a connection between the two? We take equally the challenge of academic achievement and behavior, it is important for us to fully develop both areas because our main goal as a preschool is to prepare the child to go to the regular school. I definitely think there is a connection between academic achievement and behavior therefore both must be of equal importance in the teaching process. Our curriculum contains a wide section of social studies and social skills that target to develop the child’s beh avioral areas at par with the academic area. What types of professional learning have been offered to staff within the last year? * All our staff must complete at least 20 hours of continuing studies to improve their performance in the classroom. In the last year our school offered several classes like CPR, Exceptional Student Population, Classroom Management and techniques and other workshops offered by Florida Early Learning Coalition. All workshops are paid by the school. How are teachers encouraged to share with each other what they learn and do? Most of the teachers who took a course paid by the school must offer their peers a summary of the techniques they learned in class in order to expand knowledge. Every Thursday of the month we have a meeting in which separates a time for this purpose. Does the school administration engage in looking at school data with the staff? If so how is the data used? * The school administration is responsible for analyzing the data of testing and using graphs, charts and percentages discussed the results to improve those areas that need to be strengthened or improved. Is the staff in the school aware of the impact of culture on teaching and learning? Explain. * Our staff is trained on the importance of providing a multicultural environment for our children as these multicultural experiences will help foster social skills and adaptation that are very useful in everyday life and in the regular school. What types of culturally responsive instructional practices are used in the school? Do all teachers, some teachers, or a few teachers use these practices? At Childlife each classroom must maintain at least one multicultural area or include multicultural elements in various learning centers. For example in the babies classroom they have soft dolls representing different ethnic groups and some soft books in different languages. In other classrooms with older students we have musical instruments from other cultures, pictures of other countries and clothes that represent diverse cultures that expose the child to different cultural experiences. These multicultural practices are part of our philosophy so each teacher must use these practices in the classroom. Are the school rules or expectations posted? Are they stated in a positive way? Are they taught to students? * The rules and expectations are posted in the parent handbook and in the employee handbook. The rules are adapted to children at every level and are mostly hung around circle time in the classroom with pictures that help children to understand the rules. Do students have a voice in the school? Do they help determine rules, plan activities, etc? If so how? * Preschoolers do not have much involvement in designing the rules or school activities because of their young age lack the maturity to this. However our activities are focused in the interests of our children who will participate in the activity. How are families and the community encouraged to participate? * In Childlife preschool we believe in the integrity of the family and community as an essential factor in the optimization of the teaching, so we encourage them to be part of our school. Some of the activities which we encourage parents and community to participate in the school activities are the open house, fieldtrips and celebrations. * Part Two: Interview Reflection The Philosophy of Childlife Preschool is to create a caring, positive atmosphere that will motivate children to learn and develop physically, socially and emotionally. It is our goal to help children discover the joy of learning and have the desire to achieve that will last all their lives. We are committed to guiding children to develop a positive self-concept to e successful in their future educational endeavors. That is why we must not ignore the interaction between cultures that is occurring in our society and in our school. It is important to include multicultural elements that expose the child to experiences that help to accept other cultures and live in the diverse society in which we live. Our director has trained and oriented the staff about multicultural dynamics that we need to perform in t he classroom as part of preschool education that we provide to our children. The classrooms in Childlife multicultural preschool contain elements that help children understand diversity. Through continuing education workshops for teachers we also have had the opportunity to learn a lot about this topic and have enriched the educational environment with different multicultural elements. Technology also helped us a lot, although she does not mention it in the interview our classrooms were equipped with ipads in May allowing us to expand through the resources we use technology in the classroom including culture. The integration of extracurricular activities, community and parents are other elements that help to incorporate other cultures and enrich the educational environment with diverse knowledge and experiences. Childlife Preschool is a secure, loving environment where Parents and Teachers work together to encourage each child’s independent exploration of their world and promote their social, emotional, physical and cognitive growth. The â€Å"culture† of a school is an important aspect for Both students and staff because it helps to build a school that teaches tolerance, acceptance and adaptation to diversity. Our multicultural practices are part of our philosophy and we have helped to develop social skills that will serve the child in their daily lives and will serve in the future. The school is the first social institution to which the child is exposed so it is important to promote a culture of peace, tolerance and acceptance in which every single child feel special and proud of his heritage and roots. How to cite School Culture, Essay examples

Conceptual Accounting Theories and Frameworks

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Accounting Theories and Frameworks. Answer: Introduction Accounting theories are the collection of assumptions is methodologies that are used to study and application of various financial reporting principles. Accounting theories have a lot of importance in the process of analyze and evaluate various financial documents of an organization. Hence, the study of accounting theories is a crucial aspect. There are various aspects of the financial reports or annual reports of organizations like the application of accounting methods, remuneration report, auditors report, dividend report and many others. Without the knowledge of accounting, it is not possible to analyze the above-mentioned aspects. The purpose of the report is to analyze the various financial aspects of BHP Billiton. The BHP Billiton is one of the top producers of major commodities that includes copper, uranium, iron ore etc. The company also has substantial interest in coal, oil and gas energy. The main aim of the company is to make social and economic contribution through operat ion[1]. The various stages of the report shows the analysis of different financial aspect of the company like remuneration report, auditors report, executive remuneration and many others. Auditors report Analysis The individual auditors report is an important aspect to analyze the financial position of any company. There is no exception of this rule in case of BHP Billiton. The auditing partner of BHP Billiton for the year 2016 was KPMG. The KPMG has tested and examined various accounts of BHP Billiton. The accounts includes consolidated statement of financial position, consolidated statement of profit and loss, consolidated statement of other incomes, consolidated statement of cash flows, consolidated statement of change of equity and many others. The KPMG has also provided non-audit services the details are provided in the Note 35 of the annual report Auditors Remuneration of the company. The analysis of the annual report provides that all the non-audit services have prior approvals. The audited financial statement generally indicates that it has been prepared in accordance with the existing conceptual framework and the relevant accounting standards[2]. Meaning and scope of Conceptual framework The conceptual framework may be defined as established concepts that underline the financial reporting. The conceptual framework is consistent with the objective of the financial statement. The objective of financial reporting is to provide the user with financial information so that the user of the financial statement can make important financial decisions. The conceptual framework of IASB is incorporated in the Framework for preparation and presentation of financial statement issued by the AASB[3]. The purpose of the conceptual framework is: To assist in the development of accounting standards, To assist in harmonization of regulations, To prepare the financial statement, To provide assistance to the auditor, The Para 5 states the scope of the Framework. The Framework is developed to deals with: Objective of the financial statement; Qualitative characteristic of the statement; Measurement, definition and recognition of different elements of financial statement; Capital maintenance and the concept of capital; Therefore, in this report the framework is classified into three categories for discussing and critically analyzing the effectiveness with which the corporations have adopted this framework[4]. Basic Objective The foundation of the Framework is based on the objectives of the financial reporting. The objective of the General Purpose Financial Statement is to provide financial information so that the user can make informed decision[5]. The users of the financial statement include shareholders, lenders and creditors. The financial statement caters to the informational need of external users that cannot demand information from the company. Therefore, the financial report provided by the company becomes extremely. On analyzing the annual report of BHP Billiton, it can be seen that the report includes Income statement, balance sheet, cash flow and notes to account. Therefore, it can be said that the information provided in the annual report by the BHP Billiton satisfies the basic objective and purpose of conceptual framework[6]. Fundamental Concepts The next classification that is made of the conceptual framework is the fundamental concepts that are related to accounts. The fundamental concept is a bridge between the basic objective and the accounting treatment like recognition, measurement and preparation of financial statement. The fundamental concepts relate to the qualitative characteristic of the financial information[7]. In QC4, it is stated that in order to be useful the financial information should be faithful and relevant. The usefulness of the information provided by the financial statement increases if it is comparable, timely, understandable and verifiable. The relevance and faithfulness are the fundamental qualitative characteristic of the financial statement. The Audit report submitted by KPMG to SEC states that in their opinion it appears that the BHP Billiton has provided financial information in a faithful manner and the information provided are relevant to the users of the financial statement[8]. Therefore, it can be said that annual report provided by the company is in accordance with the fundamental qualitative characteristic of the conceptual framework. The characteristic like verifiability, comparability, timeliness and understandability increases the quality of the financial information. The verifiability of financial information is achieved if the independent methods obtain the same results. In this case, the auditors have independently verified the financial information and they have obtained the same result. Therefore, it can be said that the financial statement has satisfied the characteristics of verifiability. The comparability of financial statement is assured by the application of the accounting standards. In the notes to financial statement, section of the financial report it is stated that the accounting policies are applied consistently thereby ensuring comparability. The financial information is provided in a timely manner on 30 June every year. The understandability of the financial information is increased through detailed presentation of financial information in the notes to accounts[9]. Based on the analysis it can be said that the financial information are presented following the qualitative characteristics of conceptual framework. Basic elements of Financial report The conceptual framework issued by Australian Accounting Standard Board Framework for preparation and presentation of financial statement states in Para 49 that the elements that should be included financial positions are assets, liabilities and equities. On analyzing the Annual report of the BPH Billiton it can be seen that the elements that required by the framework has been followed. The conceptual framework states that assets are the resources that are controlled by the entity[10]. It is expected that the future economic benefit from this resources will flow to the entity. On analyzing, the balance sheet of the company it can be said that the items that are included in assets confirms with the definition of asset provided in conceptual framework. The conceptual framework defines liability as present obligation that arise from a past event and it result in outflow of economic resources. The items in the liability side of the balance sheet of the company fulfill the definition prov ided in the conceptual framework. The conceptual framework defines equity as residual interest in the assets after all the liabilities have been deducted. The equity recorded in balance sheet complies with the definition of conceptual framework. Income Statement Analysis The conceptual framework provides that profit is computed for analyzing the performance of the company. The profit is measured by deducting related expenses from income. Therefore, the company has prepared income statement for calculating the profits. The items that have been included in the revenue are in accordance with the conceptual framework. The conceptual framework states that an item that increases the economic benefit of the company should be included in the revenue[11]. The expenses are those items that decrease the economic resources of the company. The items that are included in the income statement as expenses satisfy the definition provided in the conceptual framework. The income statement of the company is given below: The third classification of the conceptual framework deals with the measurement, recognition and disclosure of the financial information[12]. This are discussed in details below. Recognition Recognition is a process of incorporating the financial items in the income statement and balance sheet as provided in Para 82 of the standard. The financial information are recognized in the financial statement based on five basic assumptions this are economic activity, going concern, monetary units, periodicity and accrual basis. This assumption requires that the entities that are engaged in economic activity are required to recognize those activity in the financial statement. The company is engaged in economic activity therefore the company has satisfied the basic assumption of economic activity. The gong concern assumptions states that the financial information should be recognized in a manner that it is assumed to continue. The financial informations should be measured in terms of monetary units in a periodic manner and by following the accrual basis of accounting. On analyzing, the financial statement of BHP Billiton it can be said that financial information has been recognized following the basic assumptions stated above. Measurement The measurement of financial items is discussed in Para 99 of the standard. The measurement is a process of determining the monetary amount at which the items of financial information are recorded in the financial statement. The measurements of items are done based on various bases that include historical cost, current cost, realizable value and present value. The basis of measurement of few items in the financial statement is discussed below. The inventories are measured at cost or net realizable valued whichever is lower. The debtors included are all current debtor. The company does not have any non-current debtors. The company in its financial report has followed the entire disclosure requirement. The company has followed the disclosure requirement mentioned in accounting standard. Managerial Remuneration and its relation The BHP Billiton has two types of remuneration policy one is for executive directors and other is for non-executive directors. The remuneration provided includes basic salary, pension and benefits. The salary is extending by 8% per annum and the pension is 25% of the salary. The general benefits that are given cannot be more than 10% of the base salary. In addition, other incentives are provided that includes target performance and threshold performance. The target performance can be 160% of the base salary and the threshold limit can be 80% of the base salary. Therefore it can be said that maximum award that manger can get is 240% of base salary. This high remuneration based on target will encourage short-term focus of the management and that is not beneficial to the company. The conceptual framework fails to deal in this matter in any substantial form. Conclusion Based on the above analysis it can be concluded that the conceptual framework play a vital role in the preparation and presentation of financial statement. However, it has failed to deal with the remuneration of the management that have far reaching effect in the financial statement of the company. Reference Casanueva, Cristobal, Angeles Gallego, and Maria Angeles Revilla. 'Access and Mobilization of Network Resources and Competitive Advantage in Hotels: A Conceptual Framework',International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,vol. 27/no. 6, (2015), pp. 1279-1300. Cherry, Michael. 'Accounting for Trust: A Conceptual Model for the Determinants of Trust in the Australian Public Accountant SME Client Relationship',Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal,vol. 10/no. 2, (2016), pp. 3-22. Craig, Russell, Wally Smieliauskas, and Joel Amernic. 'Assessing Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles using Expert Accounting Witness Evidence and the Conceptual Framework',Australian Accounting Review,vol. 24/no. 3, (2014), pp. 200-206. Espinoza, Manuel A., Andrea Manca, Karl Claxton, et al. 'The Value of Heterogeneity for Cost-Effectiveness Subgroup Analysis: Conceptual Framework and Application',Medical Decision Making,vol. 34/no. 8, (2014), pp. 951-964. Hrisch, Jacob, R. Edward Freeman, and Stefan Schaltegger. 'Applying Stakeholder Theory in Sustainability Management: Links, Similarities, Dissimilarities, and a Conceptual Framework',Organization Environment,vol. 27/no. 4, (2014), pp. 328-346. Kandjani, Hadi, Amir Mohtarami, Mohammad Reza Taghva, et al. 'Classification and Comparison of Strategic Information Systems Planning Methodologies: A Conceptual Framework',International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS),vol. 10/no. 1, (2014), pp. 1-10. Loftus, Janice, Ken Leo, Noel Boys, et al., 'Financial Reporting', Anonymous Translator(First edn, Milton, Qld, John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd, 2015). Rao, Maheshwar, Robert Tanton, and Yogi Vidyattama. 'Modelling the Economic, Social and Ecological Links in the Murray-Darling Basin: A Conceptual Framework',Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, the,vol. 21/no. 1, (2015), pp. 80-102. Ryan, Christine, Janet Mack, Stuart Tooley, et al. 'Do Not-for-Profits Need their Own Conceptual Framework?: A NFP CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK?',Financial Accountability Management,vol. 30/no. 4, (2014), pp. 383-402. Tan, Seck. 'Framework for Valuing the Utilization of the Environment',International Journal of Social Economics,vol. 43/no. 6, (2016), pp. 619-642. Tello, Edward, James Hazelton, and Lorne Cummings. 'Potential Users Perceptions of General Purpose Water Accounting Reports',Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,vol. 29/no. 1, (2016), pp. 80-110. Thornton, Daniel B. 'Different Conceptual Accounting Frameworks for Public and Private Enterprises: Commentary on Canada's IFRS Transition and Suggestions for International Empirical Work',Accounting Perspectives,vol. 14/no. 3, (2015), pp. 168-189 Ulziit, Bayarbuyan, Zeeshan Akhtar Warraich, Cigdem Gencel, et al. 'A Conceptual Framework of Challenges and Solutions for Managing Global Software Maintenance',Journal of Software: Evolution and Process,vol. 27/no. 10, (2015), pp. 763-792. Wiedmann, Thomas O., Guangwu Chen, and John Barrett. 'The Concept of City Carbon Maps: A Case Study of Melbourne, Australia',Journal of Industrial Ecology,vol. 20/no. 4, (2016), pp. 676-691.

Article Summary Essays

Article Summary Essays Article Summary Essay Article Summary Essay The article â€Å"Marketing: A ‘Little House’ Makeover† by Karen Springen discusses 75th anniversary of ‘Little House’ books. She assumes that books shouldn’t be judged by their cover only. Karen admits that this month the photos of models were used on the cover pages instead of Garth Williams’ illustrations. The executive editor of publishing house says that those illustrations are out-of-date and they â€Å"wanted to convey the fact that these are action-packed†. Therefore, the article discusses changes to be introduced in cover art. It is noted that nowadays the publishers are willing to alter cover art, because children are more interested in video and computer games. It is suggested that kids grasp faster cover pages with, for example, Dakota Fanning rather than with a girl with a pig. The author provides different opinions toward the idea to alter cover art. Children aren’t really attracted by pictures and illustrations which were loved by their fathers and mother. For contemporary children such illustrations appear â€Å"musty and dusty†. The author asserts that children prefer to read book when the main heroes are pictured on the cover page. Real people are better suited for today’s children than drawings. Many drawings are re-illustrated and artists are trying to make them as contemporary as it is possible to meet the demands and desires of contemporary audience. Nevertheless, the factor of nostalgia is present and drawing remain to show parents their past and to make them share books with their families. Article Summary Essays Article Summary Essay Article Summary Essay Article Summary Name of Article: What Are The Benefits of Aromatherapy Source of Article: http://whydir.com/articledetail.phpartid=95088catid=75 Date of Article: March 08, 2008 Summary: In this article it speaks about aromatherapy. According to this article, the key in order to understand what aromatherapy is lies in the use of aromatic oils and liquids. Also, others define aromatherapy as a form of alternative medicine that made use of volatile liquids called the essential oils and may also include the use of other aromatic materials with the objective of influencing the mood of one person or the patient. When saying that it makes you wonder how can oil and liquids are any form of therapy. Well according to the article, a French chemist by the name of Rene-Maurice Gattefosse was the one who came up with the term aromatherapy. After being burned on his arm in a laboratory and some way his arm was thrust near the lavender oil. Gattefosse observed a relief and the burn healed swiftly with less marks and with the smallest amount of pain just by him trusting his arms on some lavender oil. This development directed Gattefosse to work on essential oils as an alternative to known medicines. This article also speaks about patients who have claustrophobic. Now, you may wonder what the use of aromatic oils and liquids could have to do with people who fear being closed in. Well based on the researches as the Sloan-Kettering, aromatherapy reduces the attacks on claustrophobic patients that undergo MRI scans. And then it could be that they feel so relax that all the fear just goes away. To conclude, when reading this article the thought whatâ„ ¢s the point of using aromatherapy. I thought itâ„ ¢s not anything but aromatic oils and liquids being used on a patient for relaxation from a fear and whatever else its used for. But one thing I have truly learn from this article is that the effect and the benefits of aromatherapy on one person is not due to the chemicals that are found to be interacting with the persons senses, rather the oil contains the refinement of the life force of the plant that can help balance the energies of the body and at the same time promote healing.

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight May2015

Scholarship Spotlight May2015 Every month, will select some of the best scholarships around and post them on our blog. Take a look at this months scholarships! When you are ready to apply, check out our tips on How to Write a Scholarship Essay. $10,000 Comeback Clothes Scholarship Amount: $10,000 Eligibility:  Must be under 26 years old. Requirements: Instead of trashing old clothes, give them a second life by recycling them. You’ll save water, energy, and landfill space.  Run a drive at your school or in your community to collect unwanted clothes and drop them off at your local HM. Due Date: May 31, 2015 NPFDA Foundation Scholarship Amount: $2,000 Eligibility: Applicant must be a full-time junior or senior at a U.S. institution, and pursuing a career in a poultry or an agriculturally related field such as agricultural business, poultry science, food science, animal science, pre vet, or food marketing. Requirements: Letter of recommendation, essay, official transcripts Due Date: May 31, 2015 The Merchants Exchange Scholarship Fund Amount: $500-$2,000 Eligibility: Applicants chosen field of interest must be maritime affairs or international trade. Applicant must be a junior or senior in an accredited four year university, or accepted to a two year degree program at an accredited institution of higher learning. Must be able to maintain a GPA of 2.5 or higher. Requirements: Letter or recommendation, official transcripts, completed application Due Date: May 31, 2015 Charlotte Woods Memorial Scholarship Amount:$1,500 Eligibility: Applicant must be a graduating high school senior or a full-time undergraduate in an accredited institution of higher learning. Must be interested in or enrolled in a degree program in transportation logistics, or a related field. Requirements: Three letters of recommendation, essay, official transcripts, photo Due Date: May 31, 2015

The Four Forces of Evolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Four Forces of Evolution - Assignment Example This genetic drift then led to the splitting of the small population into more populations with varying species. In connection with this, the variation of species as a result of the genetic drift led to the isolation of species as well as occupation of new environments. This isolation however did not last for long, the exponential growth of the population as a result of reproduction exerted pressure on the minimized resources leading to the populations moving to other areas where they interacted and reproduced with other species. It was a result of this gene flow that other species with varying characteristics emerged leading to the formation of new populations. Survival of the emerged new population depended significantly on the natural selection force that enabled them adapt the new environment. Additionally, natural selection force made the organisms develops important traits as well as pass their variations to the progeny in order to enhance their survival. Thus, natural selectio n led not only to speciation, but also to the advancement of the genetic makeup of species (Haviland, McBride, Prins and Walrath 44). As time went by, the environmental conditions also continued to change leading to alteration of the pattern of genes in organisms in a process referred to as mutation. Just like natural selection, the random mutation of genes also led to the emergence of new species that made up different populations (Haviland, McBride, Prins and Walrath 42). Since the environmental conditions are prone to continuous changes, it is evident that mutation will remain being the ultimate source of evolutionary changes in organisms. In conclusion, the process of evolution is well defined by natural selection, gene flow, gene drift, and mutation. However, the continuous environmental changes make mutation the main source of genetic variations between species from different

Implemenattion of Human Resource Management Practices in Eagle Hill Sc Essay

Implemenattion of Human Resource Management Practices in Eagle Hill School - Essay Example The strategic human resource management practices that can be used in Eagle hill school are staff recruitment, employee training and development and employee compensation. Staff recruitment is the act of getting new people to work for an organization, company or an institution either on a contract basis or on a permanent basis. It incorporates the search for employees, interviewing of the employees and allocating them jobs. It is important for Eagle hill school to recruit new staff to boost their service delivery to the public. In addition, recruitment helps to replace retired employees, dead employees, sacked employees or those employees that have gotten new jobs in different places (Whitmore 2002). In order to employ new staff, the human resource management in Eagle hill school should ensure that the proper steps and stages are followed. These steps include; job advertisement, reception and analysis of applications, shortlisting of candidates and attending of interviews. Job advertisement is a vital step in the recruitment process by any institution. This is because advertisements are meant to inform the public of the availability of a certain job offer. In order to reach the correct target people, the Eagle hill school should decide on the medium of advertisements. This can be in form of print media, radio, notices, cards etc (Gamble 2010). In the adverts, the institution must specify the type of people required and the qualifications. For instance, Eagle school can advertise for employees with knowledge in training in the disability sector. Apart from the academic qualifications, Eagle hill school should include special qualities and traits that the applicants must possess (Jones 2007). The adverts should also include the dates for submission of the request. After the deadline for submission, the received  documents are to be analyzed.  

Climate change hastens population extinctions Essay

Climate change hastens population extinctions - Essay Example Literature review: The climate system is a complex, interactive system consisting of the atmosphere, land surface, snow and ice, oceans and other bodies of water, and living things. Climate is usually described in terms of the mean and variability of temperature, precipitation and wind over a period, ranging from months to millions of years (the classical period is 30 years). Global warming the most visible aspect of climate change affects our whole climate system including humans worldwide. In the past three decades the EL Nino effect in the Southern hemisphere has become more intense, causing greater variation in rainfall. . North America and Central Asia will warm more than the oceans or coastal regions. Precipitation will increase overall, but there will be sharp regional variations, with some areas that now receive adequate rainfall becoming arid. The consequences for non-human animals and bio-diversity will also be severe. In some regions plant and animal communities will gradually move further from the equator, or to higher altitudes, following climate patterns. Australia's unique alpine plants and animals already survive only on the country's highest alpine plains and peaks. If snow ceases to fall on their territory, they will become extinct. Similarly, many species are also shifting towards favorable climatic zones or facing threats of extinction. One such species is Checkerspot butterfly. Recent studies are pointing out that climate change may be one of the factors for extinction of species but not the sole reason. Therefore, the detection and attribution of climate change in natural system has been a challenge for climate change biologists. Assigning climate change as the cause of the observed biotic changes has often had a deeper basis, such as a known mechanistic link between climate variables and biology of the study of species (Parmesan et al. 2000). On a continental scale, movements of the entire species ranges have been found in butterflies in both north America and Europe, where two thirds of the 58 species studied have shifted their ranges northward (Parmesan, 1996; Parmesan et al. 1999). Seventy years of published studies document the limiting effects of temperature on butterfly population dynamics, particularly at northern range edges (Parmesan, 2003). The northern boundaries of many European butterflies are correlated with summertime isotherms (Thomas, 199 3). Montane studies are lesser in numbers and less documented but these shows upward movement of species in general. In one of the studies, Parmesan (1996) found that Edith's Checkerspot butterfly has shifted upwards by 105m in the Sieara Nevada Mountains of California. Now apart from warming impacts, the difference in rainfall has some impact on movement/extinction of species/plants. In one of the study, at sites in Alaska, more recent decades have been relatively dry, which is believed to have prevented trees from responding to current warming as they did before (Barber et al., 2000) Precipitation changes may also be the reason for shifting/extinction. Recent trends toward increased precipitation have seen to be driving vegetation compositions to be altering the relative abundances of species within Rodent, reptile and ant communities (Brown et al. 1997). Theory indicates that a

Clean Food Health

Clean Food Health The issues surrounding the laws of clean and unclean food have been heavily debated within the Judea/Christian circles for a long period of time. ‘Why should God be concerned about what we eat? The purpose of my research is to attempt to understand why these laws were set within the Old Testament and to compare and contrast different scholarly approaches to this very interesting topic. Many have reviewed the dietary laws within Leviticus and Deuteronomy, questioning whether they were relevant to a certain nations? For example, Israel, tending to lean to an opinion that the laws were set within the Old Testament, and were obsolete at the point of the New Testament? Some argue that these laws are still applicable today whilst others oppose and question there relevance in todays society. My aim and methodology is to review the primary sources available within this area found in the Old Testament and review the evidence that supports the rationale behind these dietary laws. I will attempt to analyse and compare the evidence taken by selected scholars from various backgrounds, such as, anthropologists, ministers and professors, all who have credible background to share on this topic. I have grouped their views into the following three categories; Health/Hygiene, Symbolic/Holiness and Ritual Purification. The word unclean is defined as ‘dirty, immoral, unchaste to be clean would imply the opposite definition. When we look closely and analyse the term clean and unclean within the Old Testament Bible, scholars have varied meanings and approaches to this law. Health/Hygiene Health ‘is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity When we apply good health our bodies are naturally in good shape. Health and Hygiene are closely linked and go hand in hand together. ‘Hygiene is the maintenance of health and healthy living. Covering many areas such as diet, personal, domestic, public and mental cleanliness. The following scholars support the view that health and hygiene has a significant role within the dietary laws, Jacob Milgrom, RK Harrison, and John Brunt. All have commented in particular to the Pig, with a view that this animal carries a disease known as Trichinosis. Trichinosis is a parasite worm that lives in the flesh of pig meat, and is passed on when pig flesh is under cooked, and can grow into a considerable size within the intestine. The Hare carries tularaemia which is an acute infection resembling the plague, but not as severe. Scavenger birds, known as Carrion birds also carry disease, and fish with out scales and fins attract disease because they search for food in the mud. Milgrom argues that a camel is a forbidden animal to eat according to the dietary laws ‘yet there is no evidence to support that this animal poses a threat to health or is unhygienic. He also argues why just animals have been prohibited, as there are poisonous plants that are unhygienic and can be very harmful to the health of a human if eaten. This point highlights a weakness in the dietary laws. Harrison argues that ‘the separation of clean from unclean meats should not be taken to imply that the true ruminants are completely free from parasitic organisms. Harrison also uses further examples with regard to the Ox, which is a clean animal, but is also prone to transmit parasites. Brunt argues that ‘we accept aspects of the teachings concerning what to eat, but do not follow through, for example when we touch an unclean insect we should wash our clothes. Symbolic/Holiness Symbolism ‘is the systematic or creative use of arbitrary symbols as abstracted representations of concepts or objects and the distinct relationships in between, as they define both context and the narrower definition of terms. Holiness is ‘the state of being holy, that is, set apart for the worship or service of God or gods. It is most usually ascribed to people, but can be and often is ascribed to objects, times, or places. The following scholars support the view that symbolic and holiness has a significant role within the dietary laws, Jacob Milgrom, G J Wenham, Gerald F Hasel and Lester L Grabbe. The observance of the dietary laws could be seen as symbolic. Gods people have been set aside from the other nations to be an example, by observing dietary laws. This would mean that here would be a clear distinction between the Israelites and the other nations. Milgrom states that ‘the diet laws have been implied by the concept of holiness. Wenham makes it very clear that ‘the diet laws were given in a specific situation to a specific situation to a specific period, they are part of the blueprint for making the people of Israel holyHasel refers to the observance of dietary laws ‘it is a holy people that continues to make a distinction between the clean animal and unclean. Grabbe states that ‘the dietary regulations had both a practical and symbolic function, symbolically they stood for the fact that Israel was to keep itself free from intercourse with non- Israelites. Ritual Purification This is that ‘the aim of these rituals is to remove uncleanliness, which may be real or symbolic. Most of these rituals were created long before the germ theory of disease. Some religions have special treatment of particular body fluids such as semen and menses which are viewed as particularly unclean. Ritual purity during this period was an essential part of life to the people of Israel. This prepared each individual to ensure that they were clean before they entered into the sanctuary to worship God. The following scholars support the view that ritual purification has a significant role within the dietary laws, Mary Douglas, John E Hartley, and John Brunt Douglass states that ‘the impurity of an animal kind is part of the technical meaning of ritual purity. Douglass also adds ‘ritual impurity imposes Gods order on his creation Hartley states that ‘the main purpose for the purity instructions was to keep the Israelites separate from the neighbouring nations in order to promote Gods call for Israel to be a holy nation.Brunt states that ‘the New Testament rejects the distinction between clean and unclean, it is not speaking to the issue of health, it is rather addressing problems that were live issues in the 1st century, problems of ritualism and exclusivism. Brunt argues that ‘for the Christian, all things are clean, true spirituality is a matter of the heart, not of ritualistic externals. Conclusion The dietary laws debate will continue for many more years. However I have found this research very refreshing to review approaches of this topic from scholars who are not Seventh Day Adventists, from various backgrounds. We can see from the categories where some scholars hold or share the same view and differ from each others in different areas. The most common theme that came out within the dietary laws and findings in most of the scholars approaches was the point regarding the eating of pork. Most appear to agree on the fact that this animal is prone to parasites, and depending on the way the meat is prepared it will be good for consumption. This point came across very strongly among many of the arguments, arguing that even if the meat is heated well, it still does not rid the parasites and others oppose. In November 2005, The National Geographic produced a documentary on longevity and featured an island in Okinawa, with the longest living people in the world, who accredited this to a soup dish made of pork skin which was boiled at a high temperature in preparation. Based on this finding, we can see that if meat is prepared well it can aid our health, although there may be additional factors that aid to their long life. The dietary laws in the Old Testament would appear to specifically be relating to Israel Gods chosen people, whether they are still relevant to modern day is a matter worth deeper research. The New Testament appears to have abolished the laws of ritual purity, Jesus reached out to all nations, Jews and Gentiles removing all barriers, and we find instances of this throughout the whole of the New Testament. This is something that I would like to research more in the future.

Humanism :: essays research papers

Humanism The word â€Å"humanism† has a number of meanings, and because there are so many different meanings it can be quite confusing if you don't know what kind of humanism someone is talking about. Literary Humanism is a devotion to the humanities or literary culture. Renaissance Humanism is the spirit of learning that developed at the end of the middle ages with the revival of classical letters and a renewed confidence in the ability of human beings to determine for themselves truth and falsehood. Cultural Humanism is the rational and empirical tradition that originated largely in ancient Greece and Rome, evolved through out European history, and now constitutes a basic part of the Western approach to science, political theory, ethics, and law. Philosophical Humanism is any outlook or way of life centered on human need and interest. Sub categories of this type include the two following. Christian Humanism is defined by Webster's Third New International Dictionary as â€Å"a philosophy advocating the self fulfillment of man within the framework of Christian principles.† This more human oriented faith is largely a product of the Renaissance and is a part of what made up Renaissance humanism. Modern Humanism, also called Naturalistic Humanism, Scien- tific Humanism, Ethical Humanism and Democratic Humanism is defined by one of its leading proponents, Corollas Lamont, as â€Å"a naturalistic philosophy that rejects all supernaturalism and relies primarily upon reason and science, democracy and human compassion.† Modern Humanism has a dual origin, both secular and religious, and these constitute its sub categories. Secular Humanism is an outgrowth of 18th century enlightenment rationalism and 19th century freethought. Many secular groups, such as the Council for Democratic and Secular Humanism and the American Rationalist Federation, and many otherwise unaffiliated academic philosophers and scientists advocate this philosophy. Religious Humanism emerged out of Ethical Culture, Unitarianism, and Universalism. Today, many Unitarian- Universalist congregations and all Ethical Culture societies describe themselves as humanist in the modern sense. The most critical irony in dealing with Modern Humanism is the inability of its supporters to agree on whether or not this world veiw is religious. The Secular Humanists believe it is a philosophy, where the Religious Humanists obviously believe it is a religion. This has been going on since the early years of the century where the Secular and Religious traditions combined and made Modern Humanism. Secular and Religious Humanists both share the same world views as shown by the signing of the Humanist Manifestos I and II. The signers of the Manifestos were both Secular and Religious Humanists. To serve personal needs, Religious Humanism offers a basis for moral values, an inspiring set of ideals , methods for dealing with life's harsher realities, a

A scholar

The definition of what scholar actually means Is a specialist In a particular branch of study, especially the humanities; a distinguished academic. A scholar Is a person who is highly educated or has an aptitude for study. To me my sister Is a scholar she Is a person who achieved what she had to do In life. My sister was the first to go on to college In the family had a four point six all through high school, was a basketball manager, played volleyball, and ran track. During her time In high school In college I tried to follow In her footsteps.My sister Is an minded Intellectual who doesn't put off things and does what she supposed to do. My sister Is very dedicated to learning and continuous to teach me today. My sister went to Miami university in oxford Ohio. She took her meager in sociology and minor in managing and dancing. When she was in college she always pushed her self all through college. My sister was not a procrastinator in college. The definition of a procrastinator is t he action of delaying or postponing something. This is something my sister didn't do during her time of learning.Right now she out of college and is attending grad school to continue learning. Every year somebody throws a big New Year's party and you can bring whomever you want. I never bring anybody only because my family is crazy once they start drinking. Before they start drinking though my family and I eat at home while everyone else eats at the party. Sometimes before we go my mom fixes a Behindhand meal and it is the best. To me it is even better than the restaurant. She fixes it perfect Just the way I like with fried, rice, zucchini, shrimp, and she add the special type that Just makes taste even better.Then' we go to cousins house were the party is. This is where all the alcohol is at and where the most fun is. When walk around you see every one with big champagne glass and you see the guys with Just the champagne bottles they don't care about a cup or glass. Most of the tee nagers have red cups and they get wine and sometimes champagne. The kids get small white plastic cups usually filled with apple Juice or grape juice. I usually don't even care for the wine and champagne. I Just want some sparkling cider; I could drink that every day. Then we gather everybody all around We all go home fall asleep.New Year's will always be my favorite holiday. There Is no other holiday I would trade for this one. Who would not want to see drunken people. A scholar By Edward What is a scholar? The definition of what scholar actually means is a specialist in a scholar is a person who is highly educated or has an aptitude for study. To me my sister is a scholar she is a person who achieved what she had to do in life. My sister was the first to go on to college in the family had a four point six all through high school, was a basketball manager, played volleyball, and ran track.During her time in gig school in college I tried to follow in her footsteps. My sister is an mi nded intellectual who doesn't put off things and does what she supposed to do. My sister is Miami University in oxford Ohio. She took her meager in sociology and minor in my sister didn't do during her time of learning. Right now she out of college and is The kids get small white plastic cups usually filled with apple Juice or grape Juice. I usually don't even care for the wine and champagne. I Just want some sparkling home fall asleep. New Year's will always be my favorite holiday. There is no other

Drug Abuse2 essays

Drug Abuse2 essays Drug use among teenagers seems to be on the rise. Marijuana is almost commonplace among kids my age. Many of my friends have tried, or are involved with drugs and I never could understand why. I chose this topic in order to try and get a sense of why people do it, or why it is on the rise among teens. Just like smoking cigarettes, it seems obvious that the effects of drugs are going to be bad and maybe even addicting. So, why would anyone want to get involved with them? Why would they want to put their life in danger like that? These are the questions I asked myself during the interview in order to hopefully get some sense as to why people involve themself with such dangerous substances. According to a study done by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health the use of drugs among teenagers in eighth, tenth, and twelfth grade is on the rise. The study started in 1991 continues through 1999. They charted the uses of marijuana, cocaine/crack, LSD, inhalants, and cigarettes. According to the charts, the use of all the substances charted by this study increased among the eighth and tenth graders. In the case of the twelfth graders, the use of all substances increased except for the use of inhalants - it decreased. Here are the statistics generated by part of the study: Monitoring the Future Study: Trends in Prevalence of Various Drugs 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Marijuana 10.2 11.2 12.6 16.7 19.9 23.1 22.6 22.2 22.0 Crack 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.1 LSD 2.7 3.2 3.5 3.7 4.4 5.1 4.7 4.1 4.1 Inhalants. 17.6 17.4 19.4 19.9 21.6 21.2 21.0 20.5 19.7 Cigarettes 44.0 44.2 45.3 46.1 46.4 49.2 47.3 45.7 44.1 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Marijuana 23.4 21.4 24.4 30.4 34.1 39.8 42.3 39.6 40.9 Crack 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.8 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.0 LSD 5.6 5.8 6.2 7.2 8.4 9.4 9.5 8.5 8.5 Inhalants 15.7 16.6 17.5 18.0 19.0 19.3 18.3 18.3 17.0 Cigarettes 55.1 ...

Free Essays on Monarchy Vs. Democracy

Monarchy, in various shades and formulations, was the modern government of civilized people. Every European nation was governed by a Monarch, and the British empire was especially proud of its "mixed" form of government- the finest form yet developed. The prevailing political theory of the day was that any pure form of government, be it monarchy, aristocracy, or democracy, would ultimately collapse. Each of these was susceptible to despotism, so the only rational system would be one whereby two or more pure forms were played off each other in order to achieve a sort of balance. Great Britain, with its King (monarchy), its House of Lords (aristocracy), and its Parliament (republican-democracy) was touted as the most perfectly constituted government ever. Two facts were at hand to demonstrate the reason of that claim. First, that the English people, no matter where they lived in the Empire, enjoyed standards of diet, education, and justice, that were hard to attain outside of the Empir e. Second, that the Empire itself had been such a successful mechanism, political and economic, for so long. These arguments were good enough for many people, but there were several problems on the ground. For this ideal English government was not so much designed as it was a devils bargain. For centuries, philosophers, theologians, and rulers pointed to the downfall of the Roman Empire as the final failure of democracy, and of any purely republican form of government. The only answer to government was to be found in Monarchy. The rule of a Monarch, it was agreed, had to be a contract between the ruler and the ruled. But how would the Monarch be accountable to justice? Well, certainly not by recall from the people at large. The Monarch was supposed to be accountable to God, most immediately through God's emissary in Rome, through the Pope. The balance struck placed God on one side, the King and his subjects on the other. The King had a responsibility to r... Free Essays on Monarchy Vs. Democracy Free Essays on Monarchy Vs. Democracy Monarchy, in various shades and formulations, was the modern government of civilized people. Every European nation was governed by a Monarch, and the British empire was especially proud of its "mixed" form of government- the finest form yet developed. The prevailing political theory of the day was that any pure form of government, be it monarchy, aristocracy, or democracy, would ultimately collapse. Each of these was susceptible to despotism, so the only rational system would be one whereby two or more pure forms were played off each other in order to achieve a sort of balance. Great Britain, with its King (monarchy), its House of Lords (aristocracy), and its Parliament (republican-democracy) was touted as the most perfectly constituted government ever. Two facts were at hand to demonstrate the reason of that claim. First, that the English people, no matter where they lived in the Empire, enjoyed standards of diet, education, and justice, that were hard to attain outside of the Empir e. Second, that the Empire itself had been such a successful mechanism, political and economic, for so long. These arguments were good enough for many people, but there were several problems on the ground. For this ideal English government was not so much designed as it was a devils bargain. For centuries, philosophers, theologians, and rulers pointed to the downfall of the Roman Empire as the final failure of democracy, and of any purely republican form of government. The only answer to government was to be found in Monarchy. The rule of a Monarch, it was agreed, had to be a contract between the ruler and the ruled. But how would the Monarch be accountable to justice? Well, certainly not by recall from the people at large. The Monarch was supposed to be accountable to God, most immediately through God's emissary in Rome, through the Pope. The balance struck placed God on one side, the King and his subjects on the other. The King had a responsibility to r...

Discussion Questions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Discussion Questions - Term Paper Example Those doing public opinion are guided by questions depending on the issue they are studying. Some of the questions that they may use when focusing n a study can be how strongly is a given opinion by the public held? In which geographical area, age group, religion, society and sector of the economy are the opinion intense? Or even what other relating opinions does the public has? Measurement of quantitative opinion has helped in generalization of opinions and cementing of public opinion is a good thing. Secondly is a thorough investigation of individual and small group opinion that when gathered make up public opinion. This is an important element since individual opinions relate in a way, and individual aggregated judgments are inseparable. It is through individual opinions that an opinion that will be later referred as the public is conceived after studying multiple individuals and analyzing and grouping their responses and drawing up a relationship between them. Lastly a good analy sis of public’s responsibility of the opinion is another very important element. The public has an imperative role to play on public opinions simply because most of the issues to be addressed through the opinion affect them. An analysis is very important to check the public commitment in the process, and through this, the success of the process will be determined. The media as we know it is the most influential tool in the creation and enhancement of public opinion in modern days. It takes the form of print media (magazines, reports, newspapers among others), the radio, television and the internet. Speaking of media is like referring to a way of shaping and influencing people perceptions and opinions. The media are so powerful that it has helped shrink the entire world into a small society where people from a great distance can access, influence and hear other people opinions despite them being very far from them. One of the biggest roles of media is to enhance participation in a public opinion; this can be possible through advertising and opinions posted directly to media house. With its power, media can influence individual judgment by focusing on the issues that they feel will greatly affect public view on an issue. The role that the media have played is without doubt positive, the much influence it has brought, and the much it has helped change the world are phenomenon. Thanks to the media influence on public opinion we have seen democracy find a way in dictatorial nations, refugees get international help and sympathy, witnessed social economic growth in the world among other many good things. 2 Presidents Washington, Polk, Lincoln, FDR, Kennedy and Reagan i would refer to them as good politicians who knew a thing or two about politics, played good politics and had a dream for the American people. They are some of the greatest presidents that the united States have had. It is through their commitment and zeal that saw U.S.A â€Å"grow† to be the most powerful nation in the entire universe. President George Washington was the first president of the United States who acted consciously yet so carefully since he knew the importance a well build nation with a well established executive arm of Government that could be house future presidents. He is celebrated for setting many precedents that are still applicable and use in the office of the president. For his entire time, he is celebrated for

Managing professional dance practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing professional dance practice - Essay Example From recreation to communication, from religion to magic, dance serves several aims and achieves several ends with different cultures. The history of dance is as long as man on earth. Throughout history, dance has been a part of human social life; ceremonies, rituals, celebrations, entertainments and all that. Archaeological evidences abound tracing dance practice from prehistoric times to the first written and pictorial documentation in 200BC. (Wikipedia). In primitive cultures, dance originated as an expression of the events, changes and occurrences that mark human existence on earth; changes that occur as people grew from childhood to old age, events that characterise the change from one season to another, the triumph that come with victories and the pains of failures. All these were expressed in dance steps. Over time, two sorts of dance evolved, as cultures evolved. Social dances on occasions of celebration, commemorating deaths or other special events; and magical or religious dances, which were believed to be some sort of communication with the gods, to invoke their assistance or as a form of worship, displaying allegiance. Thus dance was a tool of cultural and tribal reservation before men learnt the ability to document. Obviously, dance has gone a long way from the era of mere cultural or religious activity to a form of art that is learnt and practiced like every aspect of modern life. Different types of dance has attended the evolution of dance in history, but the modern dance with its accompanying technology has revolutionalised dancing, creating a sciences out of dance. It has achieved techniques of its own making and made disciples. Dance goes beyond the ballet dancer or the choreographer seen on stage, the dance sector encompasses the dance artist, management, production and education. This began early in the 1920s when dance studies, encompassing dance practice, critical theory, analysis and history, began to be seen as a serious academic discipline. By the late 20th century the recognition of practical knowledge as equal to academic knowledge lead to the emergence of practice-based research and practice as research. Today, these studies are an integral part several universities' arts and humanities program. A wide array of these dance studies have evolved over time and some of them include: Professional practice: performance and technical skills Practice-based research: choreography and performance Ethnochoreology, encompassing the dance-related aspects of Anthropology, Cultural Studies, Gender Studies, Area studies, Postcolonial theory, Ethnography, etc. Dance and technology: new media and performance technologies. Laban Movement Analysis and Somatic studies Community Dance. Dance-Movement Therapy. Therefore, when dance is viewed from the perspective of those managing and administering the dance studies, project development in the dance sector becomes something of great importance. Project development makes for effectiveness in the management of professional practise and teaching of dance. It has been and will always be responsible for the constant influx of new ideas into the dance sector, the re-evaluation of old ideas and

Assess the accuracy of the view that Richard of Gloucester's Essay

Assess the accuracy of the view that Richard of Gloucester's usurpation of power in 1483 is best explained by his fear of the Woodvilles - Essay Example Richard of Gloucester's usurpation of power in 1483 is best explained by his fear of the Woodvilles. According to Wendy Moorhen , Richard of Gloucester, the Lord Protector, ordered the execution of his brother’s best friend and counselor, Hastings. Within a few days, Richard of Gloucester ascended the throne, in 1483. Richard of Gloucester’s executions made him vulnerable to criticisms from many quarters. With the executions, Richard of Gloucester’s detractors were given many reasons to vilify Richard of Gloucester in many occasions. With the executions, Richard of Gloucester made loud, direct, and plain his plan to be the next king. It is but natural of persons to do their best to remove all obstacles to their objective or goal. Richard of Gloucester was serious in his attempt to take the throne, which was vacated by his brother Kind Edward IV. Richard of Gloucester was not bothered by the fact that his nephew, King Edward V was supposed to be the person who was destined to replace King Edward IV. in the same manner, the Woodvilles felt that Richard of Gloucester was not the man authorized to rise to the throne of England. The Woodvilles preferred that King Edward V rise to the rise to replace King Edward IV. The Woodwillves would go out of their way to ensure that only King Edward V would occupy the vacated King’s throne. ... e, Richard of Gloucester, who is now King Richard III, goes out of his way to prevent the moves of William Hastings to prevent King Richard III from continuing his reign as the replacement of King Edward IV. This is the reason why Richard of Gloucester did not have second thoughts when he ordered the execution of William Hastings on the ground of being a threat to the King Richard III throne. On the other hand, Queen Elizabeth had to enter into alliance with the Woodvilles to support her dream that her son, King Edward V take over the throne as early as possible. The Woodvilles did have a strong alliance with the Queen Elizabeth. In response, Richard of Gloucester, now King Richard III, gathered all his forces to eradicate the Woodvilles for being a threat to King Richard III’s throne. In terms of bothering intentions, Richard of Gloucester ordered the execution of his brother’s good friend, William Hastings. Richard of Gloucester’s brother was the deceased King Edward IV. Hastings served under King Edward’s rule under several positions. William Hastings served as politician, diplomat, solider, lord, and landowner. William Hastings served King Edward IV, a young king still reeling from the death of his father, who died in Wakefield. On 17 April 1483, Hastings attended King Edward IV’s obsequies in Westmister Abbey when his body was buried in the magnificent Chapel of St. George, in Windsor. William Hastings felt the sorrow of losing one’s friend and master, made more painful since King Edwar IV was younger than William Hastings. William Hastings was instrumental preventing the Woodvilles from taking the throne. Hastings communicated with Richard of Gloucester to secure the King and stop the dethroning activities of King Edward IV’s maternal uncle, Rivers.

Status of Women Empowerment in India Essay Example for Free

Status of Women Empowerment in India Essay Presented By Ankur Sharma Faculty:Institute of Rural Management, Jodhpur Meaning of Empowerment: On an individual level we see empowerment as building confidence, insight and understanding, and developing personal skills, for example, being able to analyze situations and communicate more effectively with others. Meaning of Women Empowerment:Women Empowerment means to inspire women with the courage to break free from the chains of limiting beliefs, patterns and societal or religious conditions that have traditionally kept women suppressed and unable to realize their true beauty and power. Women Empowerment In India:However indian economy is progressing in terms of GDP Per Capita Income but still women empowerment is a big concern for our country.Still conditions of womens are pathetic in our countries. There are many areas where we have to think about seriously should be taken positive steps to eridicate such kind of sociel evils from our society.As being an part of society,its our duty that we should also contribute to the society try to bring awareness among people.we should not underestimate womens just not only the basis of Physical strenth.Rather they are equally competent to us even in terms of their intellectual power or in terms of there emotional intellegence.Here we are discussing some major areas that requires a big concern: Domestic Violance: Domestic violence in India is endemic and widespread predominantly against women. Around 70% of women in India are victims to domestic violence according to Renuka Chowdhury junior minister for women and child development. National Crime Records Bureau reveal that a crime against a women is committed every three minutes, a women is raped every 29 minutes, a dowry death occurs every 77 minutes and one case of cruelty committed by either the husband or relative of the victim. | Domestic violence in India often happens as a result of dowry demands.According to Unicefs Global Report Card on Adolescents 2012, 57% boys in India think a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife while around 53% girls think that a husband is justified in beating his wife.Domestic violence is known to happen in Upper Class families as well as NRI families. Gender Discrimnation: Infancy to childhood The cultural construct of Indian society which reinforces gender bias against women, has led to the continuation of India’s strong preference for male children. Female infanticide, a sex-selective abortion, is adopted and strongly reflects the low status of Indian women. Census 2011 shows a decline of girl population under the age of seven, with activists estimating that eight million female fetuses may have been aborted in the past decade.The 2005 census shows infant mortality figures for females and males are 61 and 56, respectively, out of 1000 live births, with females more likely to be aborted than males due to biased attitudes. A decline in the sex ratio was observed with India’s 2011 census reporting that it stands at 914 females against 1,000 males, a drop from 927 in 2001 the lowest since India’s independence. The demand for sons among wealthy parents is being satisfied by the medical community through the provision of illegal services of fetal sex-determination and sex-selective abortion. The financial incentive for physicians to undertake this illegal activity seems to be far greater than the penalties associated with breaking the law. Childhood to adulthood (education): Education is not widely attained by the Indian women. Although literacy rates are increasing, female literacy rates lags behind the male literacy rate. Literacy Rate Census of India 2001 and 2011 Comparison Literacy for females stands at 65.46%, compared to 82.14% for males.An underlying factor for such low literacy rates are parents perceptions that education for girls are a waste of resources as their daughters would eventually live with their husbands families and they will not benefit directly from the education investment. Adulthood and onwards: Discrimination against women has contributed to gender wage differentials, with Indian women on average earning 64% of what their male counterparts earn for the same occupation and level of qualification. Discrimination against women has led to their lack of autonomy and authority. Although equal rights are given to women, it may not be well recognized. In practice, land and property rights are weakly enforced, with customary laws widely practiced in rural areas. Women do not own property under their own names  and usually do not have any inheritance rights to obtain a share of parental property. Education and economic development: According to 1992-93 figures, only 9.2% of the households in India were female-headed. However, approximately 35% of the households below the poverty line were found to be female-headed. Education: Though it is gradually rising, the female literacy rate in India is lower than the male literacy rate.Compared to boys, far fewer girls are enrolled in the schools, and many of them drop out.According to the National Sample Survey Data of 1997, only the states of Kerala and Mizoram have approached universal female literacy rates. According to majority of the scholars, the major factor behind the improved social and economic status of women in Kerala is literacy. Under Non-Formal Education programme (NFE), about 40% of the centres in states and 10% of the centres in UTs are exclusively reserved for females. As of 2000, about 0.3 million NFE centres were catering to about 7.42 million children, out of which about 0.12 million were exclusively for girls. urban India, girls are nearly at par with the boys in terms of education. However, in rural India girls continue to be less educated than the boys. According to a 1998 report by U.S. Department of Commerce, the chief barrier to female education in India are inadequate school facilities (such as sanitary facilities), shortage of female teachers and gender bias in curriculum (majority of the female characters being depicted as weak and helpless). Workforce participation: Contrary to the common perception, a large percent of women in India work. The National data collection agencies accept the fact that there is a serious under-estimation of womens contribution as workers. However, there are far fewer women in the paid workforce than there are men. In urban India Women have impressive number in the workforce. As an example at software industry 30% of the workforce is female.They are at par with their male counterparts in terms of wages, position at the work place. In rural India, agriculture and allied industrial sectors employ as much as 89.5% of the total female labour. In overall farm production, womens average contribution is estimated at 55% to 66% of the total labour. According to a  1991 World Bank report, women accounted for 94% of total employment in dairy production in India. Women constitute 51% of the total employed in forest-based small-scale enterprises. One of the most famous female business success stories is the Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad. In 2006, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw,who started Biocon one of Indias first biotech companies, was rated Indias richest woman. Lalita D. Gupte and Kalpana Morparia were the only businesswomen in India who made the list of the Forbes Worlds Most Powerful Women in 2006. Chanda Kochher Indias second-largest bank, ICICI Bank, and Morparia is the CEO of JPMorgan India. Land and property rights: In most Indian families, women do not own any property in their own names, and do not get a share of parental property.Due to weak enforcement of laws protecting them, women continue to have little access to land and property.In fact, some of the laws discriminate against women, when it comes to land and property rights. The Hindu personal laws of mid-1956s (applied to Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains) gave women rights to inheritance. However, the sons had an independent share in the ancestral property, while the daughters shares were based on the share received by their father. Hence, a father could effectively disinherit a daughter by renouncing his share of the ancestral property, but the son will continue to have a share in his own right. Additionally, married daughters, even those facing marital harassment, had no residential rights in the ancestral home. After amendment of Hindu laws in 2005, now women in have been provided the same status as that of men. Crimes against women: Police records show high incidence of crimes against women in India. The National Crime Records Bureau reported in 1998 that the growth rate of crimes against women would be higher than the population growth rate by 2010.Earlier, many cases were not registered with the police due to the social stigma attached to rape and molestation cases. Official statistics show that there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported crimes against women. Acid Throwing: The Thomas Reuters Foundation survey says that India is the fourth most  dangerous place in the world for women to live in as women belonging to any class, caste or creed and religion can be victims of this cruel form of violence and disfigurement, a premeditated crime intended to kill or maim her permanently and act as a lesson to put her in her place. In India, acid attacks on women who dared to refuse a mans proposal of marriage or asked for a divorce are a form of revenge. Acid is cheap and easily available and is the quickest way to destroy a womans life. The number of acid attacks have been rising. Sexual harassment: Half of the total number of crimes against women reported in 1990 related to molestation and harassment at the workplace. Eve teasing is a euphemism used for sexual harassment or molestation of women by men. Many activists blame the rising incidents of sexual harassment against women on the influence of Western culture. In 1987, The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act was passed to prohibit indecent representation of women through advertisements or in publications, writings, paintings, figures or in any other manner. In 1997, in a landmark judgement, the Supreme Court of India took a strong stand against sexual harassment of women in the workplace. The Court also laid down detailed guidelines for prevention and redressal of grievances. The National Commission for Women subsequently elaborated these guidelines into a Code of Conduct for employers. Dowry: In 1961, the Government of India passed the Dowry Prohibition Act, making the dowry demands in wedding arrangements illegal. However, many cases of dowry-related domestic violence, suicides and murders have been reported. In the 1980s, numerous such cases were reported. In 1985, the Dowry Prohibition (maintenance of lists of presents to the bride and bridegroom) rules were framed. According to these rules, a signed list of presents given at the time of the marriage to the bride and the bridegroom should be maintained. The list should contain a brief description of each present, its approximate value, the name of whoever has given the present and his/her relationship to the person. However, such rules are hardly enforced. A 1997 report claimed that at least 5,000 women die each year because of dowry deaths, and at least a dozen die each day in kitchen fires thought to be intentional. The term for this is bride burning and is criticized within India itself.  Amongst the urban educated, such dowry abuse has reduced considerably. Child marriage: Child marriage has been traditionally prevalent in India and continues to this day. Historically, young girls would live with their parents until they reached puberty. In the past, the child widows were condemned to a life of great agony, shaving heads, living in isolation, and shunned by the society.Although child marriage was outlawed in 1860, it is still a common practice. According to UNICEF’s â€Å"State of the World’s Children-2009† report, 47% of Indias women aged 20–24 were married before the legal age of 18, with 56% in rural areas.The report also showed that 40% of the worlds child marriages occur in India. Female infanticides and sex selective abortions: India has a highly masculine sex ratio, the chief reason being that many women die before reaching adulthood.Tribal societies in India have a less masculine sex ratio than all other caste groups. This, in spite of the fact that tribal communities have far lower levels of income, literacy and health facilities.It is therefore suggested by many experts, that the highly masculine sex ratio in India can be attributed to female infanticides and sex-selective abortions. Ultrasound scans have been a major leap forward in the care of mother and baby, and with them becoming portable, these advantages have spread to rural populations. However, ultrasound scans can often reveal the sex of the baby, allowing pregnant women to decide to abort female foetuses and try again for a male child. This practice is usually considered to be the main reason for the change in the ratio of male to female children being born. In 1994 the Indian government passed a law forbidding women or their families from asking about the sex of the baby after an ultrasound scan (or any other test which would yield that information) and also expressly forbade doctors or any other staff from giving that information. However, in practice this law (like the one forbidding dowries) is widely ignored, and levels of the abortion on female foetuses remain high and the sex ratio at birth keeps getting worse. Female infanticide (killing of girl infants) is still prevalent in some rural areas.Sometimes this is infanticide by neglect, for example families may not spend money on critical medicines or even just by withholding care from a  sick girl. The abuse of the dowry tradition has been one of the main reasons for sex-selective abortions and female infanticides in India. Trafficking: The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act was passed in 1956. However many cases of trafficking of young girls and women have been reported. These women are either forced into prostitution, domestic work or child labour. Other concerns: Health: The average female life expectancy today in India is low compared to many countries, but it has shown gradual improvement over the years. In many families, especially rural ones, the girls and women face nutritional discrimination within the family, and are anaemic and malnourished. The maternal mortality in India is the second highest in the world. Only 42% of births in the country are supervised by health professionals. Most women deliver with help from women in the family who often lack the skills and resources to save the mothers life if it is in danger. According to UNDP Human Development Report (1997), 88% of pregnant women (age 15-49) were found to be suffering from anaemia. Family planning: The average woman in rural areas of India has little or no control over her reproductivity. Women, particularly women in rural areas, do not have access to safe and self-controlled methods of contraception. The public health system emphasises permanent methods like sterilisation, or long-term methods like IUDs that do not need follow-up. Sterilization accounts for more than 75% of total contraception, with female sterilisation accounting for almost 95% of all sterilisations. Sex ratios: India has a highly skewed sex ratio this is attributed to the practice of sex selective abortions which kills approximately one million baby girls per year.The government stated that India is missing three million girls in 2011 and there are now 48 fewer girls per 1,000 boys than there were in 1981. Sanitation: In 2011 a Right to Pee (as called by the media) campaign began in Mumbai, Indias largest city.Women, but not men, have to pay to urinate in Mumbai, despite regulations against this practice. Women have also been sexually assaulted while urinating in fields.Thus, activists have collected more than 50,000 signatures supporting their demands that the local government stop charging women to urinate, build more toilets, keep them clean, provide sanitary napkins and a trash can, and hire female attendants.In response, city officials have agreed to build hundreds of public toilets for women in Mumbai, and some local legislators are now promising to build toilets for women in every one of their districts. Notable Indian women: Education: Savitribai Phule was a social reformer who along with her husband, Mahatma Jotiba Phule played an important role in improving womens rights in India during the British Rule. Savitribai was the first female teacher of the first womens school in India and also considered as the pioneer of modern Marathi poetry. In 1852 she opened a school for Untouchable girls. Arts and entertainment: Singers and vocalists such as M.S. Subbulakshmi, Gangubai Hangal, Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle are widely revered in India. Anjolie Ela Menon is one of the famous painters. Sports: Although the general sports scenario in India is not very good, some Indian women have made notable achievements in the field. Some of the famous female sportspersons in Indian include P. T. Usha, J. J. Shobha (athletics), Kunjarani Devi (weightlifting), Diana Edulji (cricket), Saina Nehwal (badminton), Koneru Hampi (chess) and Sania Mirza (tennis). Female Olympic medalists from India include weightlifter Karnam Malleswari (bronze, 2000), Saina Nehwal (bronze, 2012), and boxer Mary Kom (bronze, 2012). Politics: Through the Panchayat Raj institutions, over a million women have actively entered political life in India.As per the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, all local elected bodies reserve one-third of their seats for women. Although the percentages of women in various levels of political activity has risen considerably, women are still under-represented in  governance and decisionmaking positions. Literature: Many well-known women writers are in Indian literature as poets and story writers. Sarojini Naidu, Kamala Surayya, Shobha De, Arundhati Roy, Anita Desai are some of them. Sarojini Naidu is called the nightingale of India. Arundhati Roy was awarded the Booker Prize (Man Booker Prize) for her novel The God of Small Things. we have to understand that without empowering women in india we can not compete amongest developed countries.Most of the women thinks that if they are getting respect in family or from husband,they are empowered.But this misconception should be removed from our society. Women in India feel proud to display that they are well protected and pampered by their husbands without realizing that they are making themselves helpless. Such womens economic literacy is so low that they cannot play any role in familys decision regarding familys budget, savings and investments. To such women, the national budget discussion is for men only and soap operas are for them. Such women su ffer a lot if something untoward happens to their husbands. This type of extreme dependency is not good for the development of women. Women should remember that they are also rational, intelligent and thinking human beings. Dependent women are not empowered women. If modern women think that they are empowered, its a myth for them. Empowerment means to inspire women with he courage to break free from the chains of limiting beliefs, patterns and societal or religious conditions that have traditionally kept women suppressed and unable to realize their true beauty and power. In India, the empowerment process has already begun. We are now witnessing a steady improvement in the enrollment of women in schools, colleges and even in profession institutes. Their health is better as compared to earlier decades. In this decade, women are entering into the job market in increasing numbers. They are showing their skills even in non-traditional sectors like police, defence, administration, media and research fields. Twenty-six laws have been enacted so far to protect women from various crimes. The recent law on the protection of women against domestic violence satisfies the long pending demand of the women activities. In the political field, the reservation for women is a significant step forward towards their political empowerment. When thirty-three percent reservation for women in Parliament becomes a reality,  womens voice will be heard in the highest forum of democracy. The day, women of India will reach zenith in their empowerment. But a lot of work has to be done as there is a category of women (who consider themselves highly educated) that proudly accepts that they dont have digital literacy even though they own a computer, they cannot even operate bank accounts or make travel arrangements for family or handle hospital admissions even during emergencies. Even for a simple task like social visits or shopping generally they need the company of their husbands. Conclusions: Empowerment by itself may not place women on an equal footing with men. The greatest need of the hour is change of social attitude to women. Take the classic case of dowry. Dowry is still rampant in a virulent form even among the highly educated a girl may be, dowry is still demanded. Women’s empowerment means a lot, but the ultimate goal of the equalization of man and woman would materialize only when her complementary role is recognized by the society. Sources: A)Women in India: wikipedia.org/wiki B)Publish your Article.com,Writer : MrMaahir Virani C)Data for Domestic ViolanceMrs Renuka Chowdhery,Junior Minister for Women Child Development. D)Data for Education and Economic Development:National Sample survey data 1997. E) Workforce Particiaption:1991 World Bank Report. F)Acid Throwing:The Thomas Reuters Foundation Survey.